Disagreements were resolved through discussion, or by contacting the original study's authors. One reviewer selected studies for inclusion and decisions were checked by a second reviewer. Outcomes were measured by a variety of instruments (details in the paper). Many studies included more than one disorder. The most common disorders were mood and cancer (some studies included caregivers), anxiety, pain, alcohol or substance abuse, fibromyalgia, overweight or obesity, social anxiety or social phobia, HIV, post-traumatic stress disorder, and headache. Controlled studies used either a treatment or waiting list, as the control.
In the included studies, a variety of mindfulness therapies were used, including mindfulness-based awareness processes, stress reduction, cognitive therapy, relapse prevention and yoga. Studies had to report sufficient information to calculate effect sizes for clinical (physical or psychological) or mindfulness outcomes. Studies were excluded if they compared mediation styles or mediators, examined the non-direct effects of mindfulness, used mindfulness as a component of another treatment, or were based on meditation instruction, induction or retreats. Eligible was any study evaluating the before-and-after or controlled effects of mindfulness-based therapy for physical or medical conditions, for psychological disorders, or for a non-clinical population.
0 kommentar(er)
